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Despite long-contested viability, numerous applications still rely upon Advance Encryption Standard (AES) in Counter mode (AES-CTR). Research supports that the vulnerabilities associated with CTR from a mathematical perspective, mainly forgery attempts, stem from misusing the nonce. When paired with cryptographic algorithms, assuming no nonce misuse increases the complexity of unraveling CTR. This paper examines the pairing of CTR with AES-128 (AES-CTR). It includes (1) full key recovery for a software implementation of AES-CTR utilizing a template attack (TA) and (2) enhancing the TA analysis's point of interest (POI) using first-order analysis and known key to identify leaky samples. 

Security and trust of Information Systems are critical in its design as they directly influence users' view and acceptance of such systems. Security can be said to be a contextual and dynamic term as there has not been a holistic, universal, and eternal security measure to date. Recent years have seen a lot of confidential and sensitive information being sent, received, and analyzed on the Internet, and a plethora of investigations on ways of developing comprehensive security solutions like encryptions, pattern recognition, and anomaly detection. This work reviews the human inspired algorithms that are particularly employed in pattern recognition and anomaly detection problems. The work discusses the components of the immune system that inspired the artificial Immune System (AIS) based algorithms for pattern and intrusion detection (IDS) problems. A detailed comparison is made between negative selection, clonal selection, and dendritic cell algorithms (danger theory) which are the three major AIS algorithms. AIS is ubiquitous in computer and information security because it is based on the theories developed through years of study and understanding of the human immune system by immunologist. The strengths and weaknesses of these algorithms are also discussed, and possible improvement suggested.